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  AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 1 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product high pf, offline dimmable led driver with internal high - voltage mosfet description t he AL1697 is a high performance , high power facto r , high efficiency and high precision buck - boost led driver for mains dimmable led lamp applications. the al 1697 topology provides an accurate output current over wide line and load regulation . the wide switching frequency operates at boundary conduction mode (bcm) to ease emi/emc design, and testing to meet the latest regulatory standards. the AL1697 with bu ilt in mosfet solution reduces the bill of material (bom) cost by eliminat ing the need of auxiliary winding and an external high voltage mosfet . the AL1697 has extensive protection features to enhance system safety and reliability. the AL1697 starts reduc i ng output current when the driver s temperature is higher than the built - in thermal foldback protection trigger point . the AL1697 appl ies to a wide range of dimmers including leading edge and trailing edge dimmer. some can achieve deep dimming down to 1% . t he AL1697 dimming curve is compliant with the nema ssl6 standard . the AL1697 is available in so - 7 package, which provides an extra pin spacing between the high voltage mosfets drain and low voltage pins to increase electricity isolation . features ? two internal high - voltage mosfet options : ? r dson 4 ? and 1.8 ? for super - junction ? tigh t current sense tolerance : 3% ? low startup current: 1 3 0 a ? low operation current: 170 a ( switching frequency at 4khz ) ? s ingle w inding inductor ? wide r ange of d immer c ompatibility ? nema ssl6 dimming c urve c ompliant ? interna l protections ? under v oltage lockout (uvlo) ? leading - edge blanking (leb) ? cycle - by - cycle over current protection (ocp) ? o utput open /short p rotection (ovp/osp) ? thermal foldback protection (tfp) ? over - t emperature p rotection (otp) ? so - 7 p ackage ? totally lead - free & fully r o hs compliant (notes 1 & 2) ? halogen and antimony free. green device (note 3 ) pin assignments (top view) so - 7 applications ? mains dimmable led lamps ? offline led p ower s upply d river notes: 1. no purp osely added lead. fully eu directive 2002/95/ec (r o hs) & 2011/65/eu (r o hs 2) compliant. 2. see http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about diodes incorporateds definitions of halogen - and antimony - free, "green" and lead - f ree. 3. halogen - and antimony - free "green products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total br + cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds. g n d c o m p r t v c c c s d f b 1 2 3 4 7 6 5
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 2 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product typical applications circuit pin description s pin number p in name function 1 vcc p ower s upply v oltage 2 rt resistor s et the system s maximum t on 3 c omp compensation for c urrent c ontrol 4 gnd grou n d 5 fb feedback for led open protection voltage 6 cs current s ensing 7 d drain of t he i nternal h igh v oltage m osfet functional block diagram + r t g n d u 1 a l 1 6 9 7 c 5 r 1 a c i n p u t f r 1 d b 1 c 1 c o m p r 3 v c c d c 4 d 1 l 2 r 7 r 6 r 5 c 2 c 3 d 2 r 4 r 2 l 1 3 5 4 7 1 2 c 6 f b r 8 r 9 6 c s l e d s v c c m a n a g e m e n t f a u l t m a n a g e m e n t u v l o o f f v c c c l a m p o t p o v p v d d v r e f s t o p t o n _ m a x r s q t o n s d e t e c t i o n ( z c d ) v c c o v p v r e f _ o v p o v p d v c c c s g n d r t d r i v e r s u p p l y c l a m p 2 7 1 6 4 s e t t o n _ m a x t o n _ m a x - + c o m p g m v r e f s a m p l e a n d h o l d - + 3 5 f b - + s t o p o c p 1 v
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 3 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product absolute maximum ratings (@ t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) ( note 4 ) symbol parameter rating unit v cc power supply voltage 18 v v d voltage on d rain p in (AL1697 - 20c s7 - 13 ) 600 v voltage on d rain pin (AL1697 - 40d s7 - 13 ) 67 0 v i d s continuous drain current t c = +25 c (AL1697 - 20c s7 - 13 ) 2 a continuous drain current t c = +25 c , (AL1697 - 40d s7 - 13 ) 4 a v cs voltage on cs pin - 0.3 to 7 v v rt voltage on r t p i n - 0.3 to 7 v v fb voltage on fb pin - 0.3 to 7 v t j operating junction temperature - 40 to + 150 c t stg storage temperature - 65 to + 150 c t lead lead temperature (soldering, 10 seconds) +260 c p d power dissipation ( t a = + 50c ) (note 5) 0.8 w ? ja thermal resistance (junction to ambient) (note 5) 123 c/w ? jc thermal resistance (junction to case) (note 5) 19 c/w C note: 4. stresses greater than those listed under absolute maximu m ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating condi tions is not im plied. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. all voltages unless otherwise stated and measured with respect to gnd. 5. device mounted on 1"x1 " fr - 4 substrate pcb, 2oz copper, with minimum recommended pad layout. recommended operating conditions (@ t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) symbol parameter min max unit t a ambient temperature (note 6 ) - 40 + 105 c note: 6 . the device may operate normally at + 125 c ambient temperature under the condition not trigger temperature protection .
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 4 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product electrical characteristics (@ t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit uvlo v th (st) start up voltage C C 14.5 C v v opr(min) minimal operating voltage after turn on C 8 .5 C v v cc_clamp v cc c lamp v oltage i cc =1ma C C standby current i st start - up current v cc = v th (st) - 0.5v, before start up C C cc (opr) operating curr ent switching frequency at 4 khz C C source driver r ds(on) lv low voltage m osfet on - s tate resistance (note 7 ) C C C ? high voltage and super - junction mosfet r ds (on ) hv drain - source on - state resistance AL1697 - 20c s7 - 13 C 4 5 .5 ? C ds drain - source breakdown voltage AL1697 - 20c s7 - 13 600 C C C i dss drain - source l ea kage c urrent AL1697 - 20c s7 - 13 C C 1 a AL1697 - 40d s7 - 13 C C rt v rt _ref r eference voltage of r t pin C C C current sense v cs_clamp cs clamp v oltage C C C ref internal c urrent loop control reference C on_min minimum t on C C C on_max m aximum t on r t =51k ? comp =4v C C off _ min minimum t off (note 7 ) C C C off _ max maximum t off C C C fb v fb feedback v oltage C fb feedback pin input leakage current v fb = 2v C C a error amplifier gm gm t rans - c onductance C C C source amplifier source current C C C sink amplifier sink current C C C t hermal f oldback and over temperature protection (otp) t fold f oldback temperature (note 7 ) C C C C C C C notes : 7 . these parameters, although guaranteed by design, are not tested in production. 8 . the device will latch off when otp happen s , recovered after power cycle and the device won t operate normally at this temperature .
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 5 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product performance characteristics ( n ote 9 ) start - up voltage vs. ambient temperature minim um operating voltage vs. ambient temperature start - up current vs. ambient temperature operating current vs . ambient temperature vcc c lamp v oltage vs. ambient temperature fb leakage current vs. ambient temperature note s: 9 . these electr ical characteristics are tested under dc condition. the ambient temperature is equal to the junction temperature of the devic e. -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 operating current ( ? a) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 start-up voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 start-up current ( ? a) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 minimum operating voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.5 vcc clamp voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 fb leakage current ( ? a) ambient temperature ( o c)
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 6 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product functional description and application i nformation convertor operation the AL1697 is a single stage , single w inding , high efficiency, and high power factor led driver converter for dimmable led lamp applications. i t is available in two internal high - voltage mosfet option s for 4? and 1.8? with super - junctio n which reduce the overall led driver solution size of the led lamp . two different mosfet options are targeted at optimizing the solution s of different led chain lengths and powers. high power factor (pf) is achieved using c onstant on - time mode; coupled with simple closed loop of constant current control the AL1697 achieve s good line and load regulation. the AL1697 adopts source - driver techn ique to decrease the system operat ing current . it uses a novel method to detect the t o ff time which results in the removal for the need of an auxiliary winding for ( v cc supply and ) detecting the t off time, which enables the AL1697 to have an extremely low bill material (bom) solution. t he AL1697 operates at boundary conduct ion mode (bcm) wh ich can ease emi design. figure 1. typical application circuit start - up and s upply voltage befor e start - up, the vcc capacitor c4 is charged by the startup resistors (r2, r3) from the high voltage mains. w hen the start - up voltage is reached, the AL1697 starts switching. d uring normal operation , the vcc supply is provide d by start - up resister s (r2, r3) and the output voltage (v out ) rectified by one diode (d2). i n this way the system can provide vcc supply at lo w dimming angle. t he AL1697 has an internal vcc clamp voltage (typical 15.5v) , which is limited by one internal active zener diode . when vcc voltage drops to below the v opr(min) , switching is stop . s o the device can operate normally when the voltage on vcc pin is between v opr( min ) and vcc clamp voltage. protections under voltage lockout (uvlo) when the voltage on the vcc pin drops to below v opr (min ) , the ic stops switching . t he ic can restart when the voltage on vcc exceeds the startup voltage (v th(st) ) . le ading - edge blanking (leb) to prevent false detection of th e peak current of the inductor , a blanking time following switch - on is designed. when the internal switch turns on, a short current spike can occur because of the capacitive discharge of the voltage over the drain and source. i t is disregarded during the leb time ( t on_min ). cycle - by - cycle over current protection (ocp) the AL1697 has a built - in peak current detector. i t triggers w hen the voltage on cs pin reaches the peak level v cs_clamp . t he r5 is c onnected to the cs pin to sense the current of the indu c tor . t he maximum peak current (i peak(max )) of the inductor can be calculated as below: + r t g n d u 1 a l 1 6 9 7 c 5 r 1 a c i n p u t f r 1 d b 1 c 1 c o m p r 3 v c c d c 4 d 1 l 2 r 7 r 6 r 5 c 2 c 3 d 2 r 4 r 2 l 1 3 5 4 7 1 2 c 6 f b r 8 r 9 6 c s l e d s
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 7 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product functional description and application i nformation (cont.) ( 1 ) t he detection circui t is activated after the leb time. w hen the detection circuit sense the cs voltage is higher than 1v, the ic will turn off the switching to limit the output current. i t automatically provides protection for the maximum led current during operation. a propa gation delay exists between over current detection and actual source - switch off, so the actual peak current is a little higher than the ocp level set by the r5. over - voltage p rotection and output - open protection (ovp) the output voltage is sensed by the fb pin , which provide s an over - voltage protection (ovp) function. when the output is open or large transient happens, the output voltage will exceed the rated value (r8, r9) . when the voltage exceeds v f b , the over - voltage is triggered and the ic will dischar ge v cc . w hen the v cc is below the uvlo threshold voltage, ic will re start and the v cc capacitor is charged again by start - up resistance. if the over voltage condition still exists, the system will work in hiccup mode. o utput - short protection (osp) w hen led is short ed , the device can not detect the t off time, and the device control s the system operation at 4 khz low frequency. thermal foldback protection (tfp) AL1697 has a thermal foldback function and adopts self - adaptive control method , which can prevent the system breaking down caused by high temperature. t he overheating temperature is set at + 145 c typical , when the junction temperature of the ic is higher than + 145 c typical , the device will linearly decrease the internal reference voltage to decrease the output current . as a result of this feature , the device can control the system s output power at high ambient temperature , to control the quantity of heat of the system. this enhances t he safety of the system at high temperature . the the rmal foldback wavef orm is shown below: figure 2 . thermal f oldback w aveform over - temperature protection (otp) the AL1697 ha s otp protection function . w hen the junction temperature reach to + 16 0 c typical , the ic will trigger an over - temperature protection condition which causes the device to shut down and latch ed . once otp has triggered , the system will resume after t he system s ac source supply has been reset and power up . design p arameters setting the c urrent s ense r esistor r 5 the AL1697 adopts boundary conduction mode, the output current is calculated as below, ( 2 ) where , i peak is the peak current of the inductance t on is the internal mosfet on time t off is the freewheel diode d1 conduction time t delay is t ypical 0.15 s ? ? _ 5 cs clamp peak max v i r ? 1 0 0 % 5 0 % j u n c t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e / c t f o l d = 1 4 5 o u t p u t c u r r e n t o t p _ 0 11 sin( ) 2 off o mean peak on off delay t i i d t t t ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 8 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product functional description and application i nformation (cont.) t he AL1697 is a closed loop constant current control with the relationship between output current and current sense voltage follows this equation ( 3 ) w here, v ref is the internal reference, typical 0.4v . r5 is the current sense resistor so we can get the output current equation as below, ( 4 ) i nductance selection ( l2 ) i n buck - b oo st structure , the peak current of the inductance can be calculated as below ( 5 ) where , v in_rms is the input voltage s rms value v o is the system output voltage t he AL1697 controls the system operat ing at boundary conduction mode which results in its operati ng frequency not being constant. to s et t he minimum switching frequency f min at the crest of the minimum ac input. ( 6 ) a ccording to the f araday s l aw, the winding number of the inductance can be calculated by: ( 7 ) where , a e is the core effective area . b m is the maximum magnetic flux density . t on_max s etting i n order to get a good dimmer compatibility and a good dimming depth, the device sets a t on_max by one external resistor r t (r6). a nd the t on_max time has the below equation: ( 8 ) w here v r t_ref is the internal rt pin 0.5v s reference. c ref is the internal 1.5pf capacitor. 0 1 sin( ) r5 off ref peak on off delay t v i d t t t ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? _ 1 = 25 ref o mean v i r ? _ 0 _ 2 sin( ) 5 sin( ) 2 sin( ) ref peak in rms in rms v i v rd v vo ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ? ? ? _ _ 2 2 2+ in rms o peak in rms o min vv l i v v f ? ? ?? 2 2 peak l em li n ab ? ? ? _ _ 3.3 +0.5 10 r6 ref on max rt ref c t v ua ? ? ?
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 9 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product functional description and application i nformati on (cont.) dimming control AL1697 is a closed loop control device , the dimming function is realized by t on_max limited when dimmer is connected in. w hen the dimmer is at the largest conduction angle, the device still has the adjustability to control the ou tput current constant before comp voltage is adjusted to the maximum 4 v, so for most of the dimmer, the output current is almost the same with the no dimmer condition at the largest conduction angle. i f the conduction angle is decreased, the comp pin volta ge will continue to increase quickly till to the maximum level ( t ypical 4 v), the device will output t on_max to limit system s output current. t he t on_max is set by rt pin connected with one resistor, so the dimming depth can be adjust ed by rt resistor (r6 ). b efore the AL1697 enter s t on_max mode, the AL1697 keep the output current constant the same as no dimmer condition. w hen enter t on_max mode, we can get the follow ing equation: ( 9 ) f rom the buck - boost output current equation , we can get the output current when dimming: ( 10 ) w here , is the dimmer conduction angle. figure 3. dimming c urve dimm er c ompatibility passive bleeder design the passi ve bleeder is designed to supply latching and holding current to eliminate dimmer misfire and flicker. figure 4 . led d river s chematic with p assive b leeder __ _ () 2 i n rms on max peak dim v sin t i l ? ?? ? _ _ _ 0 _ 1 25 () 2 ( ) 11 2 2 ( ) ref on on max o in rms peak di m in rms o v if t t r i v sin i d else v sin v ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ?? ? ? ? c o n d u c t i o n a n g l e ( d e g ) o u t p u t c u r r e n t ( % ) 1 0 0 0 1 8 0 t o n < t o n _ m a x t o n = t o n _ m a x c r i t i c a l c o n d u c t i o n a n g l e 0 ? d b 1 c 1 l 1 r 1 f r 1 l n c 2 p a s s i v e b l e e d e r d a m p i n g
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 10 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product functional description and application information (cont.) the passiv e bleeder includes a capacitor (c2 , in hundreds of n f ) to provide latching current. a resistor (r 1 ) is necessary to dampen the current spike . b ecause a large c2 will affect the pf, thd and efficiency, the value of the capacitor (c2) should be selected acco rdingly. g enerally, 100nf/400v to 330nf/400v is recommended. r1 is used to limit the latching current, if r 1 is too large , the latching current is not enough and the triac dimmer will misfire caus ing led flick er . i f r1 is too small, it will result in great er power dissipation. generally speaking , a 200? to 2k? resistor is selected for r 1 . passive damping design fr1 is the damper for reducing the spike current caused by quick charging of c2 at firing. in general, fr1 is selected from 20? to 100? for low line like 120v ac application, and 51? to 20 0? for high line like 230v ac application. ordering information part number package code package 13 tape and reel quantity part number suffix AL1697 - 20cs7 - 13 s 7 so - 7 40 00/tape & reel - 13 AL1697 - 40ds7 - 13 s 7 so - 7 40 00/tape & reel - 13 mark ing information (1) so - 7 1697 - 20c for 2.0a/600v 1697 - 40d for 4.0a/6 5 0v 1 6 9 7 - z z z ( t o p v i e w ) y y w w x x p a r t n u m b e r 1 6 9 7 - 2 0 c f o r 2 . 0 a / 6 0 0 v 1 6 9 7 - 4 0 d f o r 4 . 0 a / 7 0 0 v l o g o w w : w e e k : 0 1 ~ 5 2 ; 5 2 y y : y e a r : 1 5 , 1 6 , 1 7 ~ x x : i n t e r n a l c o d e 7 6 5 1 2 3 4 r e p r e s e n t s 5 2 a n d 5 3 w e e k 20 : 2 . 0 a 40 : 4 . 0 a a l 1697 C C m osfet voltage current option c : 600 v d : 650 v s 7 : so - 7 package packing 13 : 13 " tape & reel
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 11 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product package outline dimensions (all d imensions in mm . ) (1) package type: so - 7 3 . 8 0 0 ( 0 . 1 5 0 ) 4 . 0 0 0 ( 0 . 1 5 7 ) 1 . 2 7 0 ( 0 . 0 5 0 ) t y p 4 . 7 0 0 ( 0 . 1 8 5 ) 5 . 1 0 0 ( 0 . 2 0 1 ) 0 . 3 3 0 ( 0 . 0 1 3 ) 0 . 5 1 0 ( 0 . 0 2 0 ) 0 . 1 5 0 ( 0 . 0 0 6 ) 0 . 2 5 0 ( 0 . 0 1 0 ) 0 . 0 8 0 ( 0 . 0 0 3 ) 0 . 2 5 0 ( 0 . 0 1 0 ) 1 . 3 5 0 ( 0 . 0 5 3 ) 1 . 7 5 0 ( 0 . 0 6 9 ) 0 . 4 5 0 ( 0 . 0 1 7 ) 0 . 8 0 0 ( 0 . 0 3 1 ) 8 0 5 . 8 0 0 ( 0 . 2 2 8 ) 6 . 2 0 0 ( 0 . 2 4 4 ) 2 . 5 4 ( 0 . 1 0 0 ) t y p 1 . 2 5 0 ( 0 . 0 4 9 ) 1 . 5 0 0 ( 0 . 0 5 9 ) n o t e : e j e c t h o l e , o r i e n t e d h o l e a n d m o l d m a r k i s o p t i o n a l . o p t i o n 2 4 5 0 . 3 5 0 ( 0 . 0 1 4 ) t y p o p t i o n 1
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 12 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product suggested pad layout (1) package type: so - 7 dimensions z (mm)/(inch) g (mm)/(inch) x (mm)/(inch) y (mm)/(inch) e (mm)/(inch) e 1 (mm)/(inch) value 6.900/0.272 3.900/0.154 0.650/0.026 1.500/0.059 1.270/0.050 2.54 0/0. 100 z g e 1 e x y
AL1697 document number: ds 38223 rev. 3 - 2 13 of 13 www.diodes.com january 2016 ? diodes incorporated al 16 97 new product important notice diodes incorporated makes no warrant y of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporat ed and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. diodes incorporated does not assume any liability a rising ou t of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does diodes incorporated convey any license unde r its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any customer or user of this document or products described h erein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on diod es incorporated website, harmless against all damages. diodes incorporated does not warr ant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, customers shall indemnify and hold diodes incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. product nam es and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign trademarks. this document is written in english but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. only the english version of this document is the final and determinative format released by diodes incorporated. life support diodes incorporated products are specificall y not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the chief executive officer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices or systems are devices or systems whic h: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided i n the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expe cted to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. customers rep resent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support devices or sys tems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety - related requirements concerni ng their products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices - or systems - related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. further, customers must fully indemnify diodes incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems. copyright ? 201 6 , diodes incorporated www.diodes.com


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